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Thursday, 17 September 2015

Official Review

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The Official Review meeting is held in Gennevilliers (France) hosted by Thales Communications & Security on the 17th and 18th of September 2015.

Official Review

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The Official Review meeting is held in Chieti Scalo (CH-Italy) hosted by THALES Italia S.p.A. on the 4th and 5th of March 2015

Official Review

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The Official Review meeting is held in Certaldo (FI) (Italy) hosted by SED Special Electronic Design on the 17th, 18th and 19th of September 2014

The high level agenda of the meeting is:

Wednesday 17th of September 2014
13:00 – 18:00 WP5 Working session Read more

Monday, 09 September 2013

The Official Review meeting is held in Gennevilliers (France) hosted by Thales Communications & Security on the 9th, 10th and 11th of September 2013.
The high level agenda of the meeting is: Read more

Friday, 05 July 2013

WP5-hp

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Development and Evaluation of an encapsulated SoC that embeds a Programmable Hard macro

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Programmable Hardware blocks for advanced/flexible System-on-Chip

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SECURITY in FPGAs – High Assurance Crypto in Programmables Platforms

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Safety Computing Platform

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Design of a System-on-Chip Architecture Backbone for European Defence Applications

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Development of the MySoC web portal to access European and Worldwide Silicon Foundries

Genuine one-stop shop model with Dolphin as prime contractor:

For on-demand ASIC/SoC design & physical implementation,
With direct management of IP sourcing, assembly & test houses, as well as foundries,
Even for low volume production, long life-cycle, ITAR free requirement, ...

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logo1 Dissemination has been led by SED which developed a web site and regularly published information around the project. Technology providers, with particular mention to Dolphin Integration, strongly participated to these activities mixing technology promotion and project dissemination. Other companies participated more or less on the promotion mainly inside their structure. Many dissemination activities were carried out by the WP6 partners including participation at numerous trade fair meetings, as well as the organization of many conferences and seminaries and publication of articles to facilitate the diffusion of the EDA SoC project's information to the entire industrial audience.

Two dedicated websites have been developed thanks to SED and Dolphin Integration: the EDA SoC website that has been updated since the beginning to the end of the SoC project and the mySoC web portal that remain continuously operational and up-to-date. The websites obtained numerous visits from foreign countries, even outside the EDA/EU, from industries pertaining to different sectors outside the Defense and Aerospace industries as well as from universities and research institutes. The Defense and Aerospace industries showed the most relevant interest in the technologies developed by the SoC project (about 50% of the total as shown in the graph below), whilst other sectors such as Industrial one and the Consumer, Healthcare, and Transportation industries demonstrated a true interest as well.

Target markets

Target markets interested in EDA SoC project.

For more information about this Work Package please contact the Project Leader.

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To cover the initials objectives the partners have specified the requirements of the test chip and have selected one of the HW building blocks developed within the WP4. Embedded FPGA has been selected for the CORSAIR test chip.

To verify the goodness of the test chip by Dolphin Integration and Menta, and to test the software by End-Users, all partners participated to development of a test board realized by SED (below figure). This board is composed of a CORSAIR chip as well as an additional FPGA to support the CORSAIR in all applications required by partners and to ensure the interfacing with both inside and outside the board, to allow maximum flexibility.

Regarding the initial objectives we have fully covered the foundry access road. The following steps have been successfully reached:

Design kit and library delivery by design house;
Front-end design support using the 65nmtechnology;
Back-end design;
Manufacturing thanks to MyMPW approach;
Packaging;
Component deliveries.

Regarding the eFPGA the CORSAIR SoC chip development validated the capabilities of the supply chain to deliver chip integrating such structure. In term of performances, the eFPGA is a real promising technology as demonstrated by the evaluation performed. Tools are operational and they are able to reach an high filling rate ratio. Although the chip was only a test vehicle with less constraint than a real product, the complete flow has been executed demonstrating the relevance of the foundry access. This was one of the major results of EDASOC projects.

Test board

Test board for CORSAIR chip.

For more information about this Work Package please contact the Project Leader.

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Three HW building blocks were developed inside the WP4. Mainly exchanges occurred between end user and STM and Menta to provide requirements from the WP1 results. Some of them have been introduced in the modules before their prototyping in 2013.

The three test vehicles have been manufactured and delivered for characterization purpose and potential improvement before their integration within the WP5 test vehicle.

ST test-vehicle prototyped two different configurable IPs on STM 65nm LP technology:

- - - - CuBrick mask-programmable logic;
        
        PiCoGA, run-time programmable datapath.

Both the IPs have been evaluated for what is concerning the functionality and the performance, achieving results in line with expectation.

For the CuBrick mask-programmable solution, the activity confirmed the coherence and the alignment of all the CAD views with silicon results. On the design under verification, the IP reaches a working frequency of about 300MHz in nominal condition and a peak of about 350MHz over-driving the core-supply at 1.3V.

For the PiCoGA run-time programmable datapath, silicon prototyping confirmed the correctness of the CAD views with respect to both the functional specification and the timing characterization of the boundary annotated on the Liberty view. Concerning the performance evaluation, the working frequency of the device should be estimated about 100-150MHz on nominal conditions for mid-high complexity applications, while under highly-congested routing conditions the speed can slow down to about 50MHz.

No specific improvements have been required for the IPs, but a request to extend the programming flow of PiCoGA has been considered useful to overcome the area limitation of the WP5 test-vehicle. For that, PiCoGA programming flow has been improved adding an emulation model to allow synthesizing the code on standard FPGA.

PiCoGA emulation model is intended as a simple and quick way to emulate/simulate PiCoGA without the overhead of managing the bitstream-accurate model. This can allow designers to verify the system integration of the PiCoGA Interface with less computational requirements or to prototype the system on third-party FPGAs, moreover PiCoGA emulation model is much lighter in terms of complexity and it does not require any change on the PiCoGA Interface, which is the same for emulation and hard-macro integration.

The next figure shows the basic concept of the PiCoGA emulation model. Starting from the Griffy-C description of the PiCoGA operations, the same tool which generates the bitstream also provides a behavioural VHDL model. This model shall be compiled with the standard PiCoGA Interface and the emulation library of native Griffy-C operators. The resulting design can be used for both simulation and synthesis on third-party FPGA devices.

WP4 Griffy-C

The model has been verified on HDL simulator using test-cases pre-verified on the hardware device, thus ensuring the functionality and the correspondence of the boundary signals with respect to the hardware device.

One of the major results is the eFPGA physical implementation on STM CMOS065LP silicon process and it covers:

The eFPGA specification;
Implementation of different basic blocks: eLBs, DSP and embedded memory block;
The custom cells designed for CMOS065LP process to improve area density;
The specific floorplan technique due to regular structure;
The verifications done;

After the manufacturing step by STM, a PCB was specifically designed and manufactured to evaluate and characterize eFPGA test-vehicle. Menta realized a completed verification including functional verification and associated performances. Results are the following:

All basic blocks like eLB, DSP and embedded memories are functional;
Custom blocks like the memory bit cell and multiplexer are correct;
The bitstream sending and reading during operations is also validated;
The correlation between Menta programming software and hardware is correct because all mapped applications tested were correctly achieved on eFPGA.

The eFPGA implementation was constraint to 100 MHz maximum frequency for bitstream sending and reading and also for application. All measures give result at least 100MHz of maximum frequency so both timing and power performances are in line with implementation.

For more information about this Work Package please contact the Project Leader.

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The WP3 has been one of the trickiest Work Packages regarding the topics handled and the potential sensitive information which could appear during the discussion. Nevertheless, the partners involved have succeeded in defining the requirements of the next product generation and also the reconfigurable structure (FPGA). This has also been the opportunity to exchange information between various countries and to feed this back to the respective national authority. The members of WP3 have converged on the requirements, on the evaluation to be performed and the associated test.

The project has also been an opportunity to work closely with the selected FPGA provider (Xilinx) which has opened their design centre for the evaluation team. A lot of design information has been provided which allow the CESTI to perform their evaluation and to allow the other members to perform their implementation and testing. As at the end of the project, all the requirements claimed by Xilinx have been correctly verified.

From the developer point of view, the isolation design (clustering approach) is operational, but was not yet industrial due to the low maturity of the tools. The tools supporting isolation design contained many bugs, required several steps and labour-intensive operations to successfully use the technology. Limited trials with the latest version of the tools show strong improvement on the tools necessary to perform and verify isolation designs.

For more information about this Work Package please contact the Project Leader.

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In the WP2, a general architectural concept for certifiable military SoC based on collected system requirements for a military SoC has been elaborated. Concepts for the mitigation/improvement of the proposed SoC architecture have also been defined. Therefore, the safety analysis methods "Failure Mode and Effect Analysis" (FMEA) and "Fault Tree Analysis" (FTA) were described and a FMEA was done for all SoC modules. Furthermore an example of an FTA was performed. The outcome of the FMEA and the FTA were some improvement and mitigation measures. The general safety standard IEC 61508 was analyzed and compared with DO-254 and the relevant aspects concerning SoC were extracted and an IEC 61508 certification strategy for SoC devices was established.

Moreover a technology evaluation analyzed different FPGA technologies (Flash, SRAM FPGAs) for certification in military systems involved in safety, and the following features were evaluated:

Long-time data retention for Flash-based FPGAs;
Power-interruption for SRAM-based FPGAs;
Radiation robustness.

In parallel, a classification of the Hard Macros for different complexity ranges was done:

Simple Hard Macro;
Complex Hard Macro;
Embedded Microsystem.

The available Hard-IPs were analyzed regarding the requirements from certification documents and a certification proposals for the Hard IP were given. An Embedded Microsystem was identified as a potential candidate for safety critical applications, only the processor performance without FPU is a major limitation. For the SRAM Based SoC FPGAs major risks were identified, and this risks have to be mitigated before this SoC are planned for a safety critical application.

Another sub-work package made a tools evaluation to analyze Certification documents regarding Tools & Methodologies. Certification document were analyzed regarding the usage of tools and methodologies and requirements were extracted. The market was analyzed and promising candidates were selected, compared with Design Assurance Level (identified with a capital letter as in DO-254), and shown in the following table (due to commercial reason, only a number is reported to identify the tool, for more information please contact the Project Leader):

Tools \ DAL	A	B	C	D	E
1	Risks	Risks	Risks	Possible	Possible
2	Risks	Risks	Risks	Possible	Possible
3	Possible with manual review	Possible with manual review	Possible	Possible	Possible
4	Risks	Risks	Risks	Possible	Possible
5	Risks	Risks	Possible	Possible	Possible
6	Possible	Possible	Possible	Possible	Possible

Possible means that the tools could be used.
Risks mean the tools could be used but the certification is not ensured. There are risks to achieved using such tools.

Another objective of the WP2 was to manage use of IP-Building-Blocks into the certification processes and two kinds of IP were considered:

Reuse IPs;
COTS IPs.

As a conclusion, COTS IP compliant to SoC requirements are available but deeper analysis is required due to data available often linked to NDA between industrial partners and IP providers.

Finally three demonstrators were implemented to cover a maximum of design and verification tools and methodologies analyzed in whole WP:

The first demonstrator consists of two parts. The first part is an AXI4 isolator, a design IP that contains functionality generated by the Tool #6. The second part is an AXI4 BFM, a verification IP used for the verification of the AXI4 isolator.
The second demonstrator is a design IP and consists of an I2C COTS IP and thus covers the COTS IP aspects.
The third demonstrator is a verification IP for a MIL-STD-1553 design IP core. It is implemented in UVM and makes use of the advanced verification methodologies Constrained Random Simulation, Coverage Driven Verification and Assertion-Based Verification.

For more information about this Work Package please contact the Project Leader.

Design of a System-on-Chip Architecture Backbone for European Defence Applications

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First activity of the WP1 was to collect system requirements for the various targeted product. This has been done covering the following applications:

Optronic
Software Defined Radio
Missile
Modem
Navigation and guidance

This analysis has been proceeded examining the architecture dedicated for each application. Huge activities have been performed to identify the commonalities and the required resources in order to define an ideal architecture able to host all the applications.

On one hand, WP1 delivered to WP4 the input necessary for the development of the HW building blocks, on the other hand it defined the test vehicle architecture for the WP5.

Finally, WP1 identified the processing part candidate to an evaluation within Corsair SoC chip and started to develop the modules based on existing algorithm and basic building blocks.

Main functions were: filtering, interpolation, decimation, motion analysis and specific modulation.

For more information about this Work Package please contact the Project Leader.

Foundry Access Web Site

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One-stop Shop to perform on-demand ASIC/SoC in the most secure way

Integration, Fabrication and test custom of ASIC/SoC circuits

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New partnerships strengthen the position as prime contractor of Dolphin Integration for the design, the fabrication and the test of custom ASIC/SoC circuits.

Official review

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The Official Review meeting is held in Kongsberg (Norway) hosted by Kongsberg Defense & Aerospace on the 18th, 19th and 20th of February 2013

The agenda of the meeting is:

WP2 working session: Monday Feb 18th 14:30-17:30
WP3 working session: Monday Feb 18th 14:30-17:30
WP5 working session: Tuesday Feb 19th 8:30-12:30
Rehearsal & PCC meeting: Tuesday Feb 19th 13:30-19:00
Diner:Tuesday Feb 19th 20:00
EDA meeting: Wednesday Feb 20th 8:30-13.00
WP1 working session: Wednesday Feb 20th 14:00-16:00

Official review

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The Official Review meeting is held in Pomezia (Italy) hosted by Selex Elsag on the 18th, 19th and 20th of September 2012.

The agenda of the meeting is:

On 18th "Project Coordination Committee (PCC) meeting"
On 19th "EDA meeting"
On 19th " the WP1/2/3 working session"
On 20th "WP2/3 work shop"

WP3 Kickoff Meeting

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The WP3 kickoff meeting was held in Oslo hosted by Kongsberg on the 29th and 30th of November 2011.

The main focus of the meeting was to establish a common proposal for content for the each of the four deliverables from WP3 due next summer. The agenda was:

Objectives of the Kickoff meeting
Presentation of WP3
Deliverables from WP3 due at T0+12
Interaction between WP1, WP2 and WP3
Interaction with FPGA vendors
Handling of classified information within WP3
Discussion
Action Plan

WP4 kickoff meeting

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The WP4 kickoff meeting took place in St Agrate - Italy on November 24th.

Agenda: Read more

Wednesday, 23 November 2011

WP5 kickoff meeting

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The WP5 kickoff meeting took place in Nerviano - Italy on November 25th

Agenda: Read more

Thursday, 27 October 2011

Conference call work package leader

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Work Package Leader conference call took place on November 9th at 10:00 am and will last 1 hour and a half.

Partners presentation

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DOLPHIN INTEGRATION

Created in 1985 (180 employees), Dolphin Integration is specialised in the development and sales of virtual components for System on Chip. Since April 2004, the company has adopted a collegial direction based on the three founders: Michel DEPEYROT, Jean François POLLET, Louis ZANGARA. The headquarters is in Meylan, France (where the main part of the development is done), completed by two subsidiaries, one in Duisburg (Germany) with a team specialised in MEMS and one in Montreal (Quebec) with a team specialised in embedded Power Management.

Dolphin group is organised around 3 activities:

IPs (Analog-Logic Converters, memories, microcontrollers, standard cell libraries). These IPs are developed in technologies going from 0.35um to 40nm. This activity represents around 60% of Dolphin's turnover.
Design services: Dolphin Integration is specialised in the design of mixed signal systems on chip and component for multi-foundries. In this area, our main know-how lies in the field of technological migration, SoC integration, mixed signal design, layout (analog, logic and mixed), simulation... This activity represents around 30% of Dolphin's turnover.
EDA development: Dolphin Integration provides a set of EDA solutions dedicated to design, validation and modelisation of mixed signal circuits. The main EDA solution is a mixed signal simulator called "SMASH". This activity represents around 10% of Dolphin's turnover.

EADS

Company profile

EADS is a global leader in aerospace, defence, security and related services. The Group includes the aircraft manufacturer Airbus, the world's largest helicopter supplier Eurocopter and EADS Astrium, the European leader in space programmes from Ariane to Galileo. EADS also develops the A400M through its Military Transport Aircraft Division. In 2007, EADS generated revenues of € 39.1 billion and employed a workforce of about 116,000.

EADS Defence & Security – Networking the Future

The EADS Defence & Security (DS) Division is the defence and security pillar within EADS, driving the Group's development of integrated system solutions for armed forces and civil security world-wide. The DS portfolio ranges from sensors and secure networks through missiles to aircraft and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as well as global security, service and support solutions.

By recognising the need to be mission-critical and security oriented, DS is preparing its military and civil customers to meet their new global challenges – be it land-based, ship- or airborne.

In 20071, DS – with around 22,000 employees – achieved revenues of € 5.5 billion an an EBIT of € 340 million. The order intake 2007 amounted to € 7.5 billion while the total order backlog added up to € 17.9 billion.

Defence Electronics' integrated activities

Defence Electronics (DE), the Electronics House of EADS Defence & Security, develops and manufactures sensors, avionics and electronic warfare systems for military and security applications. All DE solutions are adapted to meet the changing priorities of security and military forces: command and control capability, reconnaissance, mobility, efficiency in operation, protection of own forces. Its aim is to provide the customer with high-end products based on key technologies and reliability.

Motivation

Equipment which is foreseen for safety critical operation both in civil and military avionic applications (e. g. Flight Control) are developed according DO254 regulations. Certification issues according to RTCA - DO254 standards are becoming a key requirement. Especially systems in military aircrafts and UAV's are fully affected by this trend.

EADS Defense Electronic is one of the leading electronic equipment supplier for military aircraft platforms and has therefore the need to analyse, investigate and develop in an early phase safety critical elements on architectures, technologies, methodologies, tools, and IP building blocks on SoC.

KONGSBERG DEFENCE & AEROSPACE AS (KDA)

Company profile

Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace is a subsidiary of Kongsberg Gruppen. Kongsberg Gruppen is an internationally-oriented, knowledge-based corporation with two business areas: Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace and Kongsberg Maritime.

Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace is Norway's premier defence enterprise when it comes to advanced technological defence systems. The business area has long traditions of developing and manufacturing advanced systems in close co-operation with the Norwegian Armed Forces. Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace's anti-ship missiles, command and weapon control systems and communication solutions have proven competitive on the world market, even though Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace is a small player by international standards.

A major part of the 1600 employees at Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace are involved in research and development, including about 100 dedicated researchers in the area of tactical communications. Leveraging their research capabilities in areas such as ad-hoc networking, IP-based networking and secure communication, combined with expertise in radio relays, Combat Net Radio, switching, C4I and cryptography, Kongsberg manages to stay on the leading edge of technology. Kongsberg offers a wide range of advanced tactical communication products and systems, deployed in a large number of countries world wide.

Motivation

The current trend in military communication systems and equipment is an ever increasing demand for flexibility, configurability and functionality of system components to adapt to internationally co-ordinated missions and interoperability scenarios. This is especially evident within software defined radios.

To meet this demand new technologies and methodologies must be explored for implementation of subsystem components that have traditionally been implemented in discrete logic and ASIC technology. This also includes cryptographic components targeted for application in equipment meeting high grade standards.

Necessary flexibility and re-configurability needed in future secure communication equipment can be achieved through exploitation of reprogrammable FPGA technology. The flexibility and re-configurability of this technology is directly in contradiction with the extreme requirements for function integrity and function separation that high grade standard's introduce. A comprehensive analysis of the actual vulnerabilities of utilising reprogrammable FPGA and the establishment of countermeasures must be performed. This includes all aspects of the technology throughout the life-cycle of the equipment that implements it. Trust and assurance in development tools and production equipment must be established, as well as guidelines for correct segmentation of functional blocks.

MBDA France

Company profile

With over 10,000 employees, MBDA is a leading global player in its field of activity with an annual turnover of more than 2 billions Euros, an order book of more than 13 billion Euros and over 70 customers worldwide. Its present position has developed as the result of the merging of three companies: Matra BAe Dynamics (50% BAE SYSTEMS and 50% EADS), EADS Aerospatiale Matra Missiles (100% EADS) and Alenia Marconi Systems missile activity (50% BAE SYSTEMS and 50% Finmeccanica).

The merger has enabled a progression within the European defence industry from several national companies to a single integrated company with a worldwide presence. With more than 50 years of experience, the constitutive companies of MBDA have an outstanding pedigree. Their combined forces bring together unequalled strength in research, design, development, production and customer support.

MBDA is able to:

Satisfy the requirements of the world's three armed forces with 32 missiles programmes currently in production and a further 30 in development
Arm all European platforms (Eurofighter Typhoon, Mirage, Rafale, Gripen, Tornado, Tiger, Lynx, NH 90, new frigates, etc.)
Act either as prime contractor or principal partner in the development of the major European cooperation programmes (Meteor, PAAMS, Aster, Storm Shadow/SCALP, Taurus, etc)

In the domain of the Missile Electronics, MBDA France is a leader in the field of miniaturised, rugged, reliable electronics. For more than 25 years MBDA has possessed the capabilities for the definition, the technology choices, the routing and the realisation of prototypes for electronic modules, including all the necessary clean room technologies from wire bonding to SMT soldering and Flip Chip assembly.

MBDA has 30 years of field experience in identifying component and assembly failure mechanisms and more than 12 000 electronic component failure analyses have been performed within its laboratories. MBDA also has all the necessary functional and environmental test facilities with which to evaluate and qualify components and assembly technologies, including a fully (NAMAS) accredited Environmental Test House.

Motivation

The main motivation of MBDA France is now to take part in a global consortium giving the opportunity to define and create a common SoC approach, entirely dedicated to defence applications.

MBDA Germany

Company profile

LFK GmbH - Germany's Core competence for Guided Missile Systems

LFK GmbH and its associated subsidiaries are the German part of the European MBDA Group. With an annual turnover of more than € 2 billion, a forward order book of over €13 billion and over 70 customers worldwide, MBDA is a world leading, global missile systems company. MBDA currently has 45 missile system and countermeasure programmes in operational service and has proven its ability as prime contractor to head major multi-national projects.

Of MBDA's 10.000 employees, 1.250 are working for LFK GmbH. As the market leader in Germany, LFK GmbH together with joint-venture companies and subcontractors design, develop and manufacture guided missile systems for aircraft armament (TAURUS KEPD 350), air defence (MEADS, Patriot, Stinger, SysFla/LFK NG), helicopter armament (PARS 3 LR), ships (RAM, ESSM) as well as for „Battlefield Engagement" (MILAN ADT-ER).

In addition, LFK GmbH and its subsidiaries design, develop and manufacture subsystems and key components for guided missile systems (e.g. warheads, propulsion systems, guidance control and navigation systems). They also provide complete logistic support for the systems.

Subsidiaries and Joint Ventures of LFK GmbH are: TDW, BAYERN-CHEMIE, TAURUS Systems, euroMEADS, GLVS, Comlog, RAMSYS, Euromissile, EMDG G.I.E, SysFla GmbH and PARSYS. LFK GmbH as well as its subsidiaries develop their technological competence further, e.g. in the domain of air defence, to make sure they can offer their customers the guided missile systems required to fulfil the challenging tasks of the future

Motivation

Modern missile generations have to cover a wide range of warfare scenarios. From high sophisticated air shield applications, requiring extremely agility and acceleration potential to stand off weapon systems with long range autonomous target finding abilities. On the one hand, system developers are challenged by the following user requirements:

Higher Performance Requirements
Longer Life Cycles
Life Cycle Management
Higher Frequencies
Shorter Response Times
Extreme Dataflow
Safety Criticality

And on the other hand by resulting technical difficulties like

Shorter Development Cycles
Greater Packing Density
Testability· Increasing Complexity
Thermal Limitations

System on a Chip is a promising approach to cope with most of these problems.

MENTA SAS

Company profile

Menta is a new start-up company based in Montpellier in the south of France that specializes in reconfigurable and programmable IP. Menta design highly efficient embedded-FPGA technology for SoC, ASIC or SiP design and software that is required for this IP. The Menta’s embedded FPGA technology is highly customisable so a domain specific-FPGA (dsFPGA) can be used in SoC which provides extensive features for the target applications giving enormous benefits in terms of area, power consumption and speed. Targeted applications include multimedia, telecommunication, security…

Motivation

Thank to the evolution of the SoC market, reconfigurable structure now become a reality. The interest of such structure growing rapidly and will become, in the future, the solution for a lot of problems. The participation of the Menta company in this project will be the opportunity to take part in a leading European program to create SoC of the future for defence application. This project will be an opportunity to continue its internal R&D program, develop specific knowledge on military specificities and will open new market for the embedded-FPGA (eFPGA).

SAGEM defense securite

Company profile

General Description
Sagem DS (Safran Group) is a company manufacturing and distributing: Military and Civil Navigation, Avionics, Optronics , Sighting, observation and Biometric products, systems and services Within Sagem DS Avionics Division, the R&T and Business development directorate is in charge of new technological development.
R&D Experience
Sagem Défense Securité is deeply involved in an important field of military applications: Observation mission (UAV & military aircraft), Missiles, Sights, Cameras & Goggles, Surveillance Systems, Sensor management, Vision Based Localisation&Navigation, Signal&Image processing, 3D or Multi-spectral Image management, Automatic Target(s) Detection-Recognition-Identification-Tracking, Low/Intermediate/High Level Data fusion

Motivation

As described in SDS R&D experience here above, the heart of competencies and a big part of Sagem DS military business is centred on sensors and sensors data fusion technologies and the derived application and products with a particular focus on the Target detection, recognition, identification and tracking chain. In this context it is of primary importance for Sagem DS to prepare and anticipate the technological evolutions in these areas of activities. These anticipating activities will allow maintaining products and systems with state of the art performances and functionality. It will also contribute to maintain at Sagem DS a high level of knowledge and skills allowing to consolidate at national level an industrial and technology base for defence. These skills will also allow to support MOD, with high level expertise and service for developing future advanced military systems and for supporting the systems actually in operation (felin, missiles, sighting systems…).

Furthermore, Most of the digital components are US based and their access is not guaranteed for non US company.

S.E.D.

Company profile

SED (Special Electronic Design) s.r.l. is an Italian SME with a consolidated know-how in high tech electronics design such as the development of Hardware using DSP with dedicated algorithms, Fpga and ASICs.

The company boasts in house advanced manufacturing capabilities on multilayer board on conventional and special substrates with particular reference to high speed transfer buses among processors. SED also operates as a Research Laboratory, named "Leonardo", authorised by the Italian Ministry of University and Research to act as Transfer Technology Centre oriented to research and applicable studies on the advanced technologies in order to increase the competitiveness of the Industries on the market. This acknowledgment was reached from SED thanks to the many research projects in collaboration with its customers. Some of these are:

SAS (Submergible Automation Station) for SNAM, ENI group
CHRISTMAS TREE for AGIP, ENI group
GIANO Project for SAIPEM, ENI group
SED also enjoys strong partnerships with the engineering departments of the main local universities and other R&D institutions.

The Design department of the company praises an experience of almost 35 years in hardware engineering and SED today is a well known, reliable and efficient partner for the development of ad hoc projects. With the acquisition of the competencies coming from more than twenty years of activities in the state of the art of microelectronics, former owned by Cesvit Microelettronica, SED capabilities have nowadays been extended to SoC,and ASIC Design, benefiting also of the experience gathered with the participation in many Defence and Space Projects, including the knowledge of IPs exploitation for civilian reuse. Several IPs have been designed by SED and its own experience in developing and implementing them in FPGA devices has been enhanced by Cesvit's experiences in the design and reuse of IPs for ASICs and SOCs in specific applications for the defence and space sectors.
Thanks to its participation at several large pan-European dissemination networks pertaining also to running EC Projects, SED relies on an extended network of contacts with European research centres, Business Support Organisations and institutions having similar missions and competencies as well as thousands of contacts with the local companies operating in different industrial sectors. The joint SED's and Cesvit's expertises and experiences in participating at R&D projects for EC, defence and space applications can thus provide a valuable contribution to the overall project as well to the dissemination of its outcomes.

The Company counts on a stable staff of skilled engineers, their experience ranging from a minimum of four years up to more than twenty years.
Some of SED's core business are:

Development of programmable gate array FPGA and CPLDs.
Development of microprocessor-based systems 8-16 and 32-bit CISC, RISC and DSP hardware and software design
Design of real-time software
Design dedicated firmware
Telemetry control and supervision of industrial machinery and remote plants
Design of equipment for control of motorized axes interpolated, and not Integrated engineering services.
Design and construction of machinery and / or special equipment

Company's participation in EU programmes:

ESPRIT/HPCN - MUPAAC (Multi Processor Architecture for Automatic Control)
EUTIST/IMV -VISICON (Vision System of Inspection for Control of clinched boards)
EUTIST - OPTAMS (Optimized All Monitor System)
ESPRIT - OFCOMP (Optical Flow for Counting Moving People)

Motivation

The use and exploitation of new technologies in the defence Market, as observed during the past two decades, is not compatible with the acceleration that characterize the civilian market. This tendency will be overcome by the development of a new platform that is able to satisfy large and diversified field of applications. The SED strategy is concerned to increase the military market and enlarge the partnership with the principal Military Industries not only limited to the National borders.

SED, as specialist in IPs, MPW and FPGA based developments, gives its contribution to the foreseen military advanced applications on Radar Space Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) for airborne surveillance, multifunction and phased array systems, as for night vision systems, InfraRed Search and Track systems and data fusion.
Exploiting this capabilities, SED has the opportunity to give a strong technological contribution to the consortium with the development of a Digital Platform based on SoC technology with the opportunity to enlarge his potential market in the Defence sector.During the program SED will be mainly involved in the physical development of the platform both on the evaluation phase and the definitive development and evaluations of the SoC platform, with a very tight collaboration with all the partners.

SELEX Elsag SpA

Company profile

SELEX Elsag, a Finmeccanica company, is a Communications systems supplier for military and civil customers. Uniquely placed to lead the delivery of Network Centric Communications, the Company capabilities encompass solutions for joint, land, sea and air applications, secure and mission critical communications.
Leader in advanced technology with over 100 years of experience, when the inventor of the radio and Nobel Prize winner, Guglielmo Marconi, established the Wireless Telegraph and Signal Company in Chelmsford-UK and the Officine Marconi in Genoa- Italy. SELEX Elsag develops state-of-the-art communications solutions meeting customer requirements and exceeding their expectations.
SELEX Elsag employs more than 5000 people worldwide, with offices and plants in Italy, the UK, USA, Germany, Turkey, Romania and South America. The Company's main business sectors involvedesign, production and supply of:

Security systems and equipment to be used in civil and military communication networks
Land, naval and satellite communication systems and equipment, command and control systems, and integrated networks for land, naval and satellite defense for national security institutions and other governmental entities.
Avionics equipment and integrated systems for communication, navigation,
Identification and mission control;
Government and Civil Communications for Professional and Telecom Operators where system has been implemented for fire departments, municipal police, harbors, civil defence, Italian highways, costguard and railways networks.

The characteristics of these products and the advanced technologies that are used in their production also allow their application and marketing in sectors other than defence, in which security and reliability are also fundamental requirements.
Selex Elsag research team, with over 1200 highly skilled engineers working in its Research and Development laboratories.

Motivation

The functionality of the military communication systems are becoming even more SW programmable in order to face the growing needs of adaptability to internationally co-ordinated missions and interoperability scenarios. This is especially evident within Software Defined Radios.
To meet this demand, new technologies and methodologies must be explored for implementation of subsystem components that have traditionally been implemented in discrete logic and ASIC technology. This also includes cryptographic components targeted for application in equipment meeting high grade standards.
Necessary flexibility and re-configurability needed in future secure communication equipment can be achieved through exploitation of reprogrammable FPGA technology. The flexibility and re-configurability of this technology is directly in contradiction with the extreme requirements for function integrity and function separation that high grade standard's introduce. A comprehensive analysis of the actual vulnerabilities of EDA SoCutilising reprogrammable FPGA and the establishment of countermeasures must be performed. This includes all aspects of the technology throughout the life-cycle of the equipment that implements it. Trust and assurance in development tools and production equipment must be established, as well as guidelines for correct segmentation of functional blocks

SELEX Galileo

Company profile

SELEX Galileo is among the top international players in mission electronics, avionics, electro-optics, UAVs, training and simulation activities.

Within the Finmeccanica group, SELEX Galileo and SELEX S&AS Ltd form SELEX GALILEO, Europe's second largest player specialized in surveillance, protection, tracking, navigation & control and imaging systems.

SELEX Galileo focuses on the design, development and production of avionics and electro-optical equipment, airborne radar and precision approach radars, UAVs and Simulators, space equipment for platform and payloads.

In addition to the design and integration of open architecture, highly modular avionic equipment for mission and navigation, SELEX Galileo has developed the ATOS airborne mission management system for Maritime Patrol, recently adopted also by the Australian Coastwatch. The highly flexible ATOS system can be easily installed or removed from fixed or rotary wing platforms.

As the centre of excellence for infrared technologies, SELEX Galileo offers complete thermal imaging solutions and the EOST systems, a variety of electro-optic surveillance sensors. Other products include airborne sonics as prime contractor on the Italian NH-90.

SELEX Galileo fully masters all aspects of airborne radar including over 450 fire control radars of the Grifo family sold world-wide, Precision Approach Radars successfully sold to eight countries.

Additionally SELEX Galileo is a leader in high subsonic tactical and training drones and one of the largest manufactures of surveillance and reconnaissance UAVs including the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle FALCO Surveillance System, sold to an international customer, and the Nibbio Reconnaissance UAV. The Mirach 100/5 target drone is operated in Italy, France, Spain, United Kingdom while NATO Missile Firing Installation (NAMFI) in SELEX Galileo operates its own drones on the NATO Missile Firing Installation (NAMFI) in Crete.

A key asset of Finmeccanica Defence Electronics business, SELEX Galileo is highly engaged to support the corporate expansion strategy in the fast growing international defence electronics and security market, qualifying as a worldwide provider of integrated solution and capabilities, offering a comprehensive through life capability management.

SELEX Galileo is pursuing its own growth, by exploiting all opportunities offered by the open market where it can enjoy a significant track record. Beside the domestic and European markets, SELEX Galileo is focusing a great deal of its marketing effort in the Asian and East Europe emerging markets.

In these drives, Finmeccanica worldwide presence provides further opportunities to step into the main international and transatlantic cooperative programmes.

With its cutting-edge technologies, SELEX Galileo participates in the key international programmes: EH101, Eurofighter, NH90, AGS/NATO, Tornado.

Motivation

For SELEX Galileo, the activities relevant to the SoC project will be carried out at the Radar and Advanced Targeting LoB, Milan plant, where the developed System on Chip will be assessed and validated for application on an InfraRed Search and Track system.

The aim is to integrate the greater possible number of functions related to IRST into a System On Chip Platform, considering the future requirements for these kind of systems.

This would allow GA to satisfy Customers' needs by means of an advanced sensor with state-of-the-art processing electronics, thus gaining in terms of competitiveness.

STMicroelectronics

Company profile

STMicroelectronics is the world’s fifth largest semiconductor company with net revenues of US$9.84 billion in 2008. The Company’s sales are well balanced among the semiconductor industry’s five major high-growth sectors (approximate percentage of ST’s sales in 2008): Communications (36%), Consumer (17%), Computer (16%), Automotive (15%) and Industrial (17%). According to the latest industry data from iSuppli, ST holds market leadership in many fields. For example, the Company is the leading producer of applicationspecific analog chips and power conversion devices. It is the #1 supplier of semiconductors for the Industrial market, set-top box applications, and MEMS (micro-electromechanical systems) chips for portable and consumer devices, including game controllers and smart phones. ST also occupies leading positions in fields as varied as automotive integrated circuits (#3), chips for computer peripherals (#3), and the rapidly expanding market for MEMS overall (#5).
ST pioneered and continues to refine the use of platform-based design methodologies for complex ICs in demanding applications such as mobile multimedia, set-top boxes and computer peripherals. The balanced portfolio approach allows ST to address the needs of all microelectronics users, from global strategic customers for whom ST is the partner of choice, for major System-on-Chip (SoC) projects to local enterprises that need fully-supported general-purpose devices and solutions. Since its creation, ST has maintained an unwavering commitment to R&D and is one of the industry’s most innovative companies. In 2008, ST spent US$2.15B in R&D, which was approximately 22% of the Company’s 2008 revenues. ST has established a worldwide network of strategic alliances, including product development with key customers, technology development with customers and other semiconductor manufacturers, and equipment- and CADdevelopment alliances with major suppliers.

Motivation

ST is also active in numerous collaborative research projects worldwide as well as playing a key role in Europe’s advanced technology research programs (EUREKA clusters such as MEDEA+/CATRENE) and the FP of the EU. It is also a leader in important forward-looking industry initiatives such as the JTIs (Joint Technology Initiatives) - as ENIAC and ARTEMIS - and the ETPs (European Technology Platforms) at the European level or the “Poles de Compétitivité” (e.g. Minalogic near Grenoble and SCS in the Provence area) at the regional level. STMicroelectronics participated on following European projects: FP5: EASY; PERLA; FP6: CLEAN; MORPHEUS; SYNTECO (Marie Curie); COMSON (Marie Curie) ; FP7: REALITY.

ST interest on configurable logic platforms is also growing rapidly. Such families of SoCs named also Structured ASICs are a new breed of custom device that approach the performance of today's Standard Cell ASIC while dramatically simplifying the design complexity. Structured ASICs offer designers a set of devices with specific, customizable metal layers along with predefined metal layers, which can contain the underlying pattern of logic cells, memory, and I/O. By virtue of the predefined structures, the ASIC vendor can design any time-consuming task — such as test, signal integrity and IR drop — into the architecture. As a reference, SPEAr product is a good example of how embedded programmable logic is used to cope with deep-submicron technology challenges (mask cost, reliability…). SPEAr™ is a STMicroelectronics’ new family of SoCs developed with the aim to supply a powerful digital engine together with the possibility to design special user functions in fraction of time and with low investment. It is a system rich of most sophisticated and modern IPs, customisable with optimised solutions for specific requirements. Closing the gap between the high flexibility of the full ASIC approach with the low cost of ownership of the ASSP approach, it allows very short time to market, of few weeks, and low NRE, supplying an unprecedented cost saving.

T3S-ITSEF (CEACI)

Company profile

The CEACI (Centre of Evaluation and Analysis of Information Technology Components) is an ITSEF evaluation centre belonging to the TSS company. It has been created in 1994 and is located in the CNES buildings in Toulouse. The CEACI shares state of the art equipments for failure analysis (Focused Ion Beam microscope, Atomic force microscope...) and physical/electrical characterisation with the CNES (French Space agency) central laboratory under a private partnership.
The CEACI is a ITSEF (IT security evalutation facility) accredited by the French certification body DCSSI for ITSEC and Common Criteria evaluations (E3 high ITSEC, evaluation of hardware equipment / EAL 4+ Common Criteria) and is COFRAC ISO 17025 accreditated for the evaluation of security products. It is the main French ITSEF with a positioning in the international market place.
The CEACI has a strong experience in evaluations and in the application of ITSEC and Common Criteria, based on various security product evaluations for administration, automotive, banking, computing, defence, telecom, transport, ... CEACI operates in the components and HW/SW area that encompasses a broad range of security products : smart cards, RFID, USB tokens, secured flash cards, secure microcontrollers, ASICs, FPGAs, HSMs, terminals, encryptors ....
CEACI uses attack techniques in attempts to breach security and access confidential information that is believed to be protected.

Motivation

CEACI is a full partner of WP3 all along the project duration, to contribute to state of the art European secure solutions on FPGA.
CEACI will bring its expertise and further develop it on FPGA and the related possible reverse, such to get insurance that the final product is conformant to the specifications (place & route, fonctional & logical blocks, protection mechanism). The design tools properties will be evaluated (traceability of security requirements inside the tools and the resulting design).

In addition, CEACI is working on hardware security testing since 1999. Most of the techniques used can be applied on FPGA or SoCs products . CEACI will so be able to search for vulnerabilities on demonstrators by applying state of the art penetration tests on both type of platform. Sensibility against side channel analysis and fault injection will be tested on FPGA and SoC prototypes developed during the project.

Based on state of the art techniques in failure analysis and security evaluation, CEACI will make "reverse engineering" on the programming bitstream in order to ensure that the final product fully satisfies the specifications issued by EDA SoC partners. Some research work is already performed in the laboratory in order to apply most advanced techniques such as dynamic light emission on last generation FPGA in order to reverse engineer the implemented code and/or break the security functions implemented (typically extact a secret key during cryptographic computations). Classical side channels attacks (SPA/ DPA) have also been done with on FPGA implementations. Further related research will be developed during EDA SoC program.

THALES Communications and Security

Company profile

Thales Communications and Security belongs to the Thales Defence Business Area, one of the four "Business Areas" of Thales. and thus is part of Thales Land & Joint Systems organised in Strategic Business Lines (SBLs) : Land Systems (Land systems prime contractor ship, Co-operative land systems, Vehicle & Soldier, systems, Armament), Joint Systems (Joint Systems prime contractor-ship, Infrastructure Space Security, C2 & ISR systems), Communication & Optronics Equipments (3 SBLs : Defence optronics, Tactical communications, Air & Naval Communication Navigation Identification) and High Tech Optics and Services.

Thales is a world-wide champion leader in electronics and systems , leveraging dual use technology to serve three correlated fields - defence, aerospace and security - . Thales believes that technology is a critical part of the answer to a critical part of the answer to these challenges. The Group employs 68,000 people in nearly 50 countries worldwide, and generated revenues of €12.9 billion in 2007
Thales is a system architect with all critical capabilities needed for the network- enabled context of the 21st century and a leading position in C4ISR. In addition, Thales offers world-wide aviation safety applications for avionics equipments, air traffic management, simulation and training. Thales is an innovative global specialist in security solutions for government, businesses and consumer B2B , such as for electronic payments and high-value transactions in the financial services and government markets.
In these domains a high potential for innovation and technological excellence is requested required; more than 18 % of our revenues are devoted to R&D with dedicated people and organisation. Thales is involved in more than 30 countries for an international development and through local partnership with research institutes. Since 2002 several international laboratories have been launched such as: EURONETLAB on IP architecture, networking and security with Paris VI, Thales technology Centre with the university of Singapore, etc...

In the communication area, Thales is involved in different highly skilled businesses, for as example: In protecting In the field of the information flow protection of information through wireless and traditional networks, Thales has developed a full range of solutions that build on the company's core competencies in of cryptography and tamper resistant hardware.

The company combines more than 20 years expertise in management, services, integration and technology innovation to deliver the world's premiere specialised network and payment security solutions. Thales provides high- grade security solutions for both the public and private sector. From tamper-resistant systems, through soft-loadable algorithms and encryption devices using the strongest cryptography, Thales has a complete portfolio of network security products . providing that provide Host Security Modules to over 80% of the banks around the world.

Thales Communications and Security is a multi-domestic, sizing 1.1 billion Euros for a 7000 people staff. It is structurally open to partnership and co-operations, which already consists of 17 companies in 11 countries. Among those, Thales Communications France is participant in the present project.

Thales Communications and Security market share ranks number one in Europe and number three world-wide in Defence communications. One of Company's major asset being its top-ranking technical and technological capital, sustained by its high level investments in R&D (more than 400 million Euros) and strong synergy between military and civilian technology.

Thales Communications and Security and Thales Optronics the 2 main actors from the BGLJ, are organised in Technical Business Units (TBUs), with expertise and skills in core techniques and technologies such as:

Radio-frequency Technologies, Optronics Technologies
Embedded Digital Systems including Signal processing and Multimedia, Software Waveform Architecture, Digital Hardware, System on Chip, Integrated Circuits and EDA Tools
Software, Architecture and Tools
System Engineering, Advanced Software architecture and applications (Ipv6, security,...), System simulations

Motivation

Thales Communications and Security is involved in the design and development embedded system which has strong requirements in term of SAWP constraints: Autonomy, weight and form factor are key for a majority of pour development. The trends in COTS does not provide adequate solution to fulfil all the requirements due to the customisation of the ASSP or standard components to a class of application with strong constraints in term of time to market and unit price (large volume). Security are also a subject of interest for TCF as many of our communication system rely on cryptographic devices to protect the content and the communication.

Furthermore, Most of the digital components are US based and their access is not guaranteed for non US company.

Thanks to this project, TCF expect an European solution providing integration capabilities allowing us to develop our business and fulfil the customer requirements.

THALES Italia SpA

Founded in 1946, as Telettra, Thales Italia S.p.A. – Land & Joint Systems Division (from now on also indicated as TIT) is a company of the Thales Group, which operates in national and international markets in the field of defense and security forces systems.

TIT turnover in 2008 has been around 21 M€ with 110 people. Operations and Technical Departments are located in Chieti Scalo (Chieti); Commercial and Marketing Departments are located in Rome.

TIT operates in several business areas, such as Strategic Communications Systems, Tactical Communications Systems and Electronic Defence Systems

In these areas TIT designs and produces radio equipment in the HF/VHF/UHF/SHF bands and integrates them into communications systems for various applications. In Electronic Defence Systems, a major business activity is related to Wide Band interception and jamming systems in HF band.

TIT has expertise and skills in core techniques and technologies such as:

RF and millimetric circuits: radio receivers and emitters in several frequency bands from HF to millimetric band (40 GHz);
Digital signal processing: applied to data demodulation and channel equalization, spread spectrum and signal analysis;
Real time SW;
Field Programmable Gate Arrays.

Motivation

TIT is involved, trough several study programs developed also in international cooperation, in many research areas such as:

Wireless LAN for military applications, to support robust multimedia services among vehicles while on the move;
Future soldier radio technology for communications and localizations purposes at squad level;
Ultra Wide Band technology for soldier applications;
Tactical Internet in very mobile environment (Command Post at Brigade level and below).

Thanks to this project, TIT expects a solution providing integration capabilities in applications requiring high integration levels and low power dissipation, specifically for hand-held radio terminals to be used in Defence and Security market.

THALES Norways AS (TNOR)

Company profile

Thales Norway is a subsidiary company of the Thales Group resident in Norway. The company has 180 employees and about 2/3 of these are involved in R/D. The main focus areas are security products, voice communication solutions and system integration.

Thales Norway has for more than 50 years been a key supplier to NATO for encryption solutions at all security levels. A key component today is the Cryptel-IP product TCE621, which is selected by NATO as NICE standard for encryption of classified traffic through IP-based networks. The product is widely introduced as a vital security mechanism for of various NATO applications, between fixed sites as well as in out of area multi-national operations.

The company is also supplier of other solutions for ensuring a secure and reliable information exchange in military applications. In the ACCS program Thales Norway is supplying the Voice Communication System (VCS) offering a unique red/black separation enabling ACCS operators a unique flexibility to utilize both classified and non-classified communication resources from the same operator positions.

Another central product is the XO-mail system introduced in NATO and several NATO- nations for controlled distribution of message traffic dependent on classification levels, priority and available communication channels.

Motivation

Traditional implementation of high grade cryptography using secure production lines by trusted ASICmanufacturers can no longer provide cost-effective and flexible solutions and offer access to advanced stateof-the art technology.

New cryptographic chips will be high speed complex systems (SoC) that must support a variety of protocols, algorithms and key management systems. This can be done using reconfigurable devices like FPGA, but the actual security provided by this technology is an important area for further research.

A high-grade crypto implementation must not leak sensitive information even in the presence of an active attacker. The project must therefore identify technology-related threats and vulnerabilities and define proper countermeasures.

Major challenges for a technology project in this area will be to establish objective knowledge about the real trust and assurance offered by the new configurable technologies, and to investigate the assurance provided by the tool chain used for chip development.

Article Details

Article Details

During the project a wide range of demanding Defence applications for an integrated solution are covered: Software Radio, Radar/Sonar, C4I, EWR, Optronics, Time and proximity Fuses. The applications are characterized
by

High performances with Real time issues
High level of programmability
Security and Safety requirements

Article Details

Representatives WP's:

WP0 Thales Communications & Security, Sylvain Aguirre - sylvain.aguirre@thalesgroup.com
WP1 Selex ES, Alessandro Minelli - alessandro.minelli@selex-es.com
WP2 EADS, Wolfgang Schlecker - wolfgang.schlecker@cassidian.com
WP3 Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace, Hans-Are Ellingsrud - hans.are.ellingsrud@kongsberg.com
WP4 ST Microelectronics, Lorenzo Cali - lorenzo.cali@st.com
WP5 Thales Communications & Security, Sylvain Aguirre - sylvain.aguirre@thalesgroup.com
WP6 SED Special electronic Design, Fabrizio Innocenti - f.innocenti@sednet.com

Article Details

Electronics and System-on-Chip are key technologies for increasing functionality and services of defence application. Several issues have been identified within this scope:

Availability on technical grounds: Civilian COTS do not cover all the military specificities
Availability on globalisation grounds: Few foundries in Europe and future uncertainty about those that do exist
Availability on political grounds: Technology access is not granted for military product due to national regulation governing non-European suppliers.

Kick off - EDA SoC

Article Details

On september 22, -Colombes- FRANCE EDA SoC Kick - Off meeting

Content available in Download area

System on Chip

Article Details

The Contract No B-0210-IAP1-GC covering the Research & Technology Project entitled "System-on-Chip" (SoC) was signed on 13 July 2011 by THALES Communications & Security S.A. (FR) in its capacity of Leading Contractor of the SoC Consortium and the EDA (Contracting Authority).

Digital Processing and their enabling components and technologies are keys for more Read more

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